Idiopathic central alveolar hypoventilation Late-onset central hypoventilation with hypothalamic dysfunction Primary central sleep apnea of prematurityĬongenital central alveolar hypoventilation syndrome ĭifficulty initiating or maintain sleep, poor quality of sleepĪbnormal respiration during sleep characterized by intermittent partial or complete upper airway obstructionĬentral sleep apnea with Cheyne-Stokes breathingĬentral sleep apnea due to a medical disorder without Cheyne-Stokes breathingĬentral sleep apnea due to high altitude periodic breathingĬentral sleep apnea due to a medication or substance The main category of sleep problems includes insomnias, parasomnias, hypersomnias, sleep-related breathing disorders, circadian-rhythm disorders, sleep-related disorders and other sleep disorders ( Table 1). According to ICD-10-CM classification system, seven main categories of sleep disturbances are distinguished. Sleep disorders are classified according to several major classifications systems, such as the International Classification for Sleep Disorders, 3rd Edition (ICSD-3), the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5), and the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Edition, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM). Rechtschaffen’s experimental studies on sleep deprivation in rats showed that complete sleep deprivation led to the death of all test animals within 2–3 weeks. Sleep also supports cognitive functions, mood, and memory, and affects the proper functioning of the endocrine and immune systems. Sleep is one of the most important physiological processes and is considered to be the rest and convalescence phase essential in preparing the body for subsequent wakefulness. Behavioral changes during sleep are accompanied by a reorganization of brain activity. Sleep is a spontaneous and periodic physiological state consisting in the absence of motor activity, decreased reactivity to stimuli and a stereotypical position. The most common aura is the visual aura occurring in 90% of migraine patients with aura. Migraine with aura is characterized by transient focal neurological symptoms (visual, sensory, speech, language, motor, brainstem or retinal) which usually precede or sometimes accompany the headache. The ICHD-3 criteria divide migraine for three main categories: migraine with aura, migraine without aura and chronic migraine. In most patients the intensity of pain is from moderate to severe during attacks. The pain may be accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and photo- and phonophobia. According to the definition, migraine involves a unilateral or bilateral, pulsating headache aggravated by physical activity. The disorder is diagnosed based on criteria defined by the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-3) (3rd Edition, 2018). The term “migraine” is derived from the Latin word “hemicrania”, which means half (hemi) skull (crania). The peak of prevalence affects people between 35 and 39 years, about 75% of migraine headaches start before the age of 35 years. Its estimated 1 year prevalence is approximately 15% in the general population, three times more common in women than men. According to the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016, migraine is the second most common cause of disability and is the second most prevalent neurological disease. Migraine is a widespread neurological disorder, affecting approximately 1 billion people worldwide.
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This is standard across all DSPs (Apple Music). Only unreleased tracks can be considered for playlists. This will help bring in curators to your page organically and they will decide if your music should be on one of their playlists. This can be done by claiming your profile once you have released at least one track on their platform.īuild your following on Apple Music : Use your social media to promote your Apple Music profile and build your following on the platform. Verify your profile with Apple Connect : Make sure your profile is verified on Apple Music for Artists. However, here are some steps you can take as an artist to increase your chances of getting your music featured on one of their playlists: They don’t allow for public third-party curators like Spotify, making it almost impossible to directly pitch your music to their playlist owners unless you have connections within the editorial team. Every playlist on Apple Music has been curated by their editorial team or professional companies working with Apple. If it’s an album or EP, choose one track to submit.Ĭomplete the playlist submission form, giving as much information as possible about the track.Īpple’s platform is relatively private and doesn’t offer many promotional opportunities through reaching out directly. You should be able to see your unreleased music within the ‘ Music’ section of your artist dashboard under ‘ Upcoming’.Ĭhoose the unreleased track you would like to submit from this section of your dashboard. Log into Spotify for Artists using your (desktop) computer. Submit directly to Spotify & Apple Music Spotify for Artists Your song needs to be released through amuse to be considered. Follow our Playlists, " Selected by amuse ". If we find your artist account on social media, we’ll always make sure to tag you in the post as well.ġ. We try to vary our picks as much as we can, to be able to showcase all of the amazing different kinds of music that amuse artists release.įor the five we pick every week, we add the track to our Spotify, and Apple Music playlists and post a shout-out on our Instagram, Facebook, and Twitter. Any artist (who distributes through amuse) has the chance to be featured - no matter what kind of genre and how known or unknown the artist is. “Selected by amuse ” is our Spotify & Apple Music playlists that we update weekly where we highlight tracks made by you, distributed through us. Will Smith playlist is not available for submission, however, you can submit to our Selected playlist by following the directions that we get into below! Selected by amuse (Spotify & Apple Music) Chill Beats by Will Smith is our playlist in collaboration with Wil Smith and Ryan Celsius. "Selected by amuse" is a playlist featuring new tracks from our platform with over 22K followers. We have two playlists, as approved Spotify & Apple Music curators, that any artists who distribute through amuse can submit their music to. In this guide, we’ll dive into the details on how to pitch your tracks to Spotify and Apple Music playlists, how to contact third-party playlist curators, and some additional tips to help you with spreading your music to new audiences. But sometimes it’s hard to know where to start to get your music in front of playlist curators and blog editors. Getting your tracks featured on playlists is a great way to reach bigger audiences with your music and grow your fanbase. Our team is actively working to put a firm end to his harassment, which continues despite Russell having fled the country - he will face his own reckoning in the U.S. This extortion attempt is especially egregious given that Russell remains contractually in debt to Kimora for millions of dollars in unpaid business loans. Tim Leissner, joined Russell’s investment company, Nu Horizons. Tim Leissner, former chairman of Southeast Asia for. "Russell will be held accountable for his serial abuse and we will confront his baseless claims that he is warranted Celsius stock dividends despite his self-admitted zero contribution. Meanwhile, his ex-wife, Kimora Lee Simmons, went on Instagram Live and claimed he was threatening her children’s lives. Ex-Goldman Sachs star banker Tim Leissner detailed Tuesday how he used an email account with his ex-wife’s name for all sorts of shenanigans. Russell Simmons claimed his ex-wife, Kimora Lee, concocted a 'fraudulent scheme' with her now-husband, Tim Leissner, to steal millions of shares of stock to use as Leissners federal 'bail money. The pair are now separated, though not legally divorced. This is an ill-advised attempt by Russell to use the legal system to access funds he is in no way entitled to, and which his own legal team confirms Russell did not pay for." "Russell’s continued aggressive behavior not only blatantly distorts the facts, but is simply a desperate PR ploy ignoring the years of mental and emotional anguish, gas lighting, and ongoing harassment he has inflicted on Kimora," the statement continues. The American model, reality television personality and ex-wife of rap mogul Russell Simmons married Leissner in 2014. In a statement to ET, Kimora's legal counsel says, "Kimora and her children are shocked by the extortive harassment coming from her ex-husband, Russell Simmons, who has decided to sue her for shares and dividends of Celsius stock in which Kimora and Tim Leissner invested millions of dollars. Russell is asking that Kimora and Tim be ordered to pay money and punitive damages, and that the couple return the nearly four million shares of Celsius they allegedly stole as well as pay any legal fees associated with the lawsuit. Russell has accused his former wife of stealing his shares from an investment to pay her new husband’s legal fees and has filed a lawsuit against the mother of his two children and her husband, Tim Leissner, per The Jasmine Brand. "This, by the way, having been done under an illegal transfer of my funds that I had no knowledge of and would have never agreed to." Hip-hop mogul Russell Simmons claims his ex-wife Kimora Lee Simmons stole from him. Tim Leissner who once headed Goldman’s Southeast Asia operations and who married the ex-wife of hip-hop mogul Russell Simmons in 2013 is expected to testify in Brooklyn federal court. "I am shocked and saddened to see how your side has behaved in response to my repeated attempts to get an agreement from you to rightfully and legally reaffirm my 50% of the Celsius shares, which have been locked up with the government after being used for your husband's bail money," Russell wrote. "I was one of his whipping boys, but he taught me to be a better football player through hard work, dedication and teamwork. "I feared (Lombardi) more than anybody I faced." I had to work on everything I was the smallest tight end in the league."įear of Lombardi was a great motivator, he said. For the next five years, I played tight end. "He said, 'You're going to play tight end for me.' Well, I played wide receiver for the first five years. He was 6-foot-4 and 217 pounds, but told Lombardi he was 220. "The first thing Lombardi said was, 'How much do you weigh?'" Knafelc said during a 2013 interview for Packer Plus. Knaflec played wide receiver before Lombardi moved him to tight end, where one of his primary duties was to block linebackers for the famed Lombardi sweep. Top row, from left: Bill Quinlan, Norm Masters, Boyd Dowler, Jim Taylor, Ron Kramer, Bill Forester, Dave Hanner, Paul Hornung. Fourth row, from left: Equipment manager Dad Braisher, Bob Skoronski, Ray Nitschke, Ken Iman, Willie Davis, Henry Jordan, trainer Bud Jorgensen. Third row, from left: Jim Ringo, Bart Starr, Gary Knafelc, Jerry Kramer, Fuzzy Thurston, Jesse Whittenton, Lew Carpenter, Tom Moore. Second row, from left: Willie Wood, John Symank, Hank Gremminger, Dan Currie, Herb Adderley, Nelson Toburen, John Roach, Forrest Gregg. Missing from the picture is Max McGee." Bottom row, from left: Elijah Pitts, Ed Blaine, Earl Gros, Gary Barnes, Ron Gassert, Oscar Donahue, Ron Kostelnik. 11, 1962: "Boys will be boys (especially when there's a camera around): Proof of the foregoing statement is this picture snapped by Press-Gazette photographer Russ Kriwanek while trying to get the Green Bay Packers lined up for a regular team picture. Babe Parilli threw a 6-yard pass between the goal posts to Knafelc to secure a 21-17 victory over the Western Conference champion Chicago Bears.įrom the Green Bay Press-Gazette of Sept. In a 1959 game, Knafelc caught what proved to be a game-winning, 21-yard pass from Lamar McHan for a 21-20 victory over the San Francisco 49ers, giving first-year coach Vince Lombardi three wins in his first three games.īut the touchdown current fans might most remember him for was in 1957, the first game played at what is now Lambeau Field. "Despite there being time left on the clock, hundreds if not thousands of joyous fans stormed out of the stands at old City Stadium, surrounded Knafelc in the end zone and carried him off the field to the Packers' bench, delaying the extra point and ensuing kickoff for several minutes." Packers historian Cliff Christl, in his story on Knafelc, explains what happened next: His first game-winner was in 1955 on an 18-yard pass from Tobin Rote with 20 seconds left against the three-time defending Western Conference champion Detroit Lions, giving the Packers an unexpected 20-17 victory. In addition, Chris has called quite a bit of college basketball for Marquette’s television package and for ESPN Plus.Knafelc scored 23 touchdowns in his 10-year career, but three of them, all game-winners, were especially notable. He was the radio and TV voice of the Green Bay Phoenix Men’s Basketball for several seasons, and spent a few years as the voice of the Packers Preseason Telecasts. His one-on-one interviews with Michael Jordan and Tiger Woods are two career highlights, though he has interviewed many other high-profile athletes (including, of course, Green Bay Packers players).Ĭhris has also freelanced as a play-by-play announcer. During his time there, he worked on the state broadcasts of the WIAA Boys and Girls State Basketball TournamentsĬhris considers himself fortunate to have covered a variety of major sporting events, from the Super Bowls to the MLB All-Star Game, the NBA Playoffs, and four PGA Championships. His first on-air job came in La Crosse as a reporter, and eventually sports director. Milwaukee is also where Chris began his career, taking a job as a part-time editor and sports producer upon graduating from Marquette University. As WISN’s primary beat reporter on the Green Bay Packers, he had the opportunity to cover both Super Bowl XXXI and XXXII. Murrow award.Ĭhris came to WBAY after four years with WISN-TV (ABC) in Milwaukee. Chris has won awards during this time from the Milwaukee Press Club, the Wisconsin Broadcasters Association, the Midwest Broadcast Journalists Association, along with a regional Edward R. In addition to anchoring sports for the 5, 6 and 10pm newscasts, he has hosted the WBAY’s Packers programs Monday Night Kickoff, Tuesday Night Touchback and now Cover 2, which is syndicated throughout the state and the upper peninsula of Michigan. Chris has been in front of the station’s award-winning coverage of the Green Bay Packers ever since, including Super Bowl XLV. In 2020, he also became the anchor of Action 2 News at 4:30. Chris joined WBAY-TV as Sports Director in 1999. If the message still does not appear, this could be due to caching, therefore, please refresh the page by ignoring the cached content. You can do that either by using another browser in which you are not logged into your Drupal account or by using the Incognito Mode on the currently used one. Whenever you are ready, please go ahead and double-check if the Maintenance Mode had been successfully enabled. Also, as you have probably noticed on the first screenshot example the " Site name" is used as a title displayed above the message. The " sign you will notice there represents your " Site name". Of course, if you would like to customize the message which will be displayed on your website frontend, you will need to enter it into the " Message to display when in maintenance mode" content box. This could be done as simple as putting a tick into the " Put site into maintenance mode" checkbox and clicking on the " Save configuration" button. Now that you are located under the intended page, let's first see how to enable the mode. This action will take you to the " Maintenance mode" page where you will be able to control it. Once you access the " Configuration" page, please locate the " Development" block and click on the " Maintenance mode" link within it. Whenever you are ready, please log in to your Drupal Admin Dashboard and navigate through the Administrative toolbar to Manage > Configuration. Now, if you are ready, let us show you how extremely simple it is to enable and respectively disable the Maintenance Mode. We should also let you know that you will be able to customize it and change it to whatever you like. The notice shown in the screenshot example above is the default Drupal message. To all other visitors who attempt to access it, a nice message, indicating you are currently working on your website, will be presented. When enabled, your website will be accessible only to users granted the required permissions. With that being said, enabling the Maintenance Mode in Drupal should be your first consideration whenever you are planning to update your website or perform any significant changes that might affect it overall. It is not only far more professional but it is also more promising the visitor will be willing to come back and check it later. It is always a better idea to display a user-friendly notice, like " Site under maintenance" compared to a broken site during website maintenance. After a hard workout, relax in one of our dry saunas or steam rooms. Variety is NEOU's strength.Are you ready to jump back into a fitness routine? We’re here to help! Reignite your fitness journey with a five-part progressive program focused on balance and stability, functional strength, endurance, and HIIT. NEOU is available on an app or by streaming on your TV using Roku, Apple TV, Android TV, Amazon Fire TV, and Xbox. Di worth it na mag upgrade ka from Snapdragon 865 to 888, sobrang liit na improvement lmao.īetter spend that money to improve your health, mas mahal yung mga hospital bills sa 30k.NEOU hits the mark on all counts, offering thousands of workouts in a variety of styles at your fingertips, all for a monthly fee that's less than $10. I know people who literally switch/upgrade phones every year for minimal improvements for like 20k to 30k. I think worth it naman yung pera, madami sila sa equipment so malaki ang progress na magagawa mo in just 1 year. I’ve tried cheaper gyms, kaso di sila open 24/7, dirty ang equipment nila and masyado malayo sa home/office. In those 4 hours I can squeeze 2 to 3 hours of workouts every day since nasa same building yung AF sa office ko.Ĭonsider mo nalang na if busy ka sa trabaho, magagamit mo lang yung other gyms sa day off / weekends. Usually pasok ko is 2AM pero by 10PM nasa lounge na ako ng office since malayo commute ko. Offer sakin initially was 29k pero I managed to get it down to 27k, I’m not sure how the whole conversation went down.Īng prime appeal lang talaga ng AF is 24/7 siya, so like if call center ka or may job ka na graveyard shift, appealing siya. Though I think may promo sila minsan where they waive the joining fee? I think minsan waived din keyfob though I’m not sure. If Cash ka, you’ll need to pay the 1 year upfront, so 30K (2.5k * 12) + 3.5k. So initial payment mo is only 6K if Credit card. Pag nawala yun… you have to buy one again which costs 2,500 (as of today 2020). Mahal sya (2,500) kasi sya yung susi para makapasok ka sa gym anytime (maski anong oras… umaga, gabi, hapon, madaling araw and anywhere…metro manila, province, abroad. Pwede din 6 months pero mas mahal ang monthly fee… 2,700.īy the way, you might be wondering kung ano yung “keyfob”. But you can stay there for as long as you want. Kung ayaw mo maging member pero gusto mo magvisit from time to time ng gym… pwede naman. Ang next bayad ko ay march 28…2,500 (minimum of 12 months). Ang nabayaran ko nung nagenroll ako ay 2,501 (keyfob: 2,500 and joining fee: 1 peso). Nung nagenroll ako may promo sila na 1 peso membership fee and free one month. That includes the keyfob and the first month. The key here is to inquire and be on the lookout at the anytime fitness branch near you. However, from time to time, the clubs go on promos for as low as 2,000 Pesos per month. – 12-month membership of 2,500 Pesos per month. – Key fob worth 2,500 Pesos that serves (paid only once) – One time joining fee of 1,000 Pesos (paid only once) The complete list can be found in anytime fitness’ website: Click Hereīut the biggest question of anyone is “How much does it cost to be a member of Anytime Fitness?” Without further ado, the updated rates of anytime fitness are as follows: To date, They’ve opened a total of 90 branches around Metro Manila and is currently in the process of opening more 3 branches in pre-sale status and 24 more branches that are coming soon. In fact, the presence of anytime fitness could be felt everywhere in Metro Manila where many people are either night owls or have busy daytime lifestyles and want to sneak in a workout late at night or even at midnight. With these perks, it’s clear to see why this health club has captured the interest of many Filipino customers. Appealing to its customers with its membership privileges and advantages-such as being open 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, having worldwide access to all Anytime Fitness gyms, and a variety of discounts for members from its co-partner stores and restaurants. Over the past few years, Anytime Fitness has become one of the most prominent fitness clubs in the country.
We use a group setting because it allows us to help more people, more frequently and more effectively! Community Acupuncture helps separate the issues of money and healthcare. We will be playing soft music to help you relax.Īt The Zen Den Center of New Jersey, we would also like to be a part of the solution to the soaring cost of healthcare by making acupuncture affordable! In Community Acupuncture, you receive the same quality acupuncture as in an individual (one-on-one) treatment. Our space is warm and inviting, much like a living room and less like a clinic. While seated in a small group in a comfortable zero-gravity reclining chair, you will have your acupuncture treatment. Inspired by other members of the Peoples Organization of Community Acupuncture (POCA), we have created a calm, relaxing and safe environment where patients can come and receive acupuncture together. We are a part of a very supportive and rapidly growing network of Community Acupuncture centers across the United States. Please speak with Melissa if you have any questions about this process We accept full payment up front and your insurance carrier will send the reimbursement directly to you. Please call the number on the back of your insurance card, and ask if you have “out of network acupuncture benefits.” If your insurance covers Acupuncture, we are happy to provide you with a receipt of service to be submitted for reimbursement. Some insurance companies will cover Acupuncture as an “out of network” benefit. We currently do not contract with any insurance companies. Hypnotherapy Session Initial Visit $150 (90 minutes) Pediatric Acupuncture Follow Up (kids 12 and under): $35ĪromaPoint Therapy TM (no acupuncture/essential oils only) $50Īmethyst Crystal InfraRed BioMat Session: $40/session (30-60 minutes) New Client Initial Visit Pediatric Acupuncture(kids 12 and under): $50 Stationary/Suction Cupping Only (no acupuncture) $30 New Client Initial Visit Private Acupuncture: $100 Please schedule one of these options if you require a table for your session. Returning Client Community Acupuncture: $45 New Client Initial Visit Community Acupuncture: $60 Group "Community" Acupuncture Room in Zero Gravity Recliner Chairs If you have questions about what treatment would be best for you, please email or call us so we can help you decide a treatment plan Internal applications, then our B2B based Bizapedia Pro API™ might be the answer for you.Please refer to our booking site using the "schedule an appointment" button above for more detailed information regarding each treatment procedure If you are looking for something more than a web based search utility and need to automate company and officer searches from within your WHAT'S INCLUDED IN THE ADVANCED SEARCH FORM? The Bizapedia Pro API™ grants programmatic access to all the search forms and features you find on our site. Utilize our advanced search form to filter the search results by Company Name, City, State, Postal Code, Filing Jurisdiction, Entity Type, Registered Agent,įile Number, Filing Status, and Business Category. While logged in and authenticated, you will not be asked to solve any complicated Recaptcha V2 challenges. In addition, all pages on Bizapedia will be served to you completely ad freeĪnd you will be granted access to view every profile in its entirety, even if the company chooses to hide the private information on their profile from the general public. Your entire office will be able to use your search subscription. In addition, if we've collected "Sales Lead Information" for a given company, it will beĭisplayed on the company profile page along with the rest of the general data. With the Bizapedia Pro Search™ service you will get unlimited searches via our various search forms, with up to 5 times the number of If you are in need of enterprise level search, please consider signing up for a Bizapedia Pro Search account as described on this page. To protect our site, we cannot process your request right now. We are sorry, but your computer or network may be sending automated queries. PEEPS® Root Beer Float Flavored Marshmallow Chicks.PEEPS® Fruit Punch Flavored Marshmallow Chicks. PEEPS® Sour Watermelon Flavored Marshmallow Chicks.PEEPS® Party Cake Flavored Marshmallow Chicks.PEEPS® Cotton Candy Flavored Marshmallow Chicks.Take a “peep” at other unique new PEEPS® product offerings and returning fan-favorites below: PEEPS® fans have much to look forward to this year, including two delectable new flavors available nationwide – PEEPS® HOT TAMALES® Fierce Cinnamon Flavored Marshmallow Chicks and the PEEPS® Froot Loops™ Flavored Pop. Each year fans count on the classic Chicks and Bunnies, along with fun new products and partnerships, to add extra PEEPSONALITY® at Easter!” “For nearly seven decades, PEEPS® Marshmallow Candy has been a quintessential Easter staple. “PEEPS® is back and better than ever! We’re thrilled to be returning this Spring to fulfill special Easter traditions, no matter how you plan on celebrating this year,” said Caitlin Servian, Brand Manager for PEEPS®. The assortment of PEEPS® offerings provides something for everyone’s Easter basket! – Febru– PEEPS® Marshmallow lovers rejoice! The number one non-chocolate Easter candy is making a long-awaited return this Easter season! Hatching this year are new and classic PEEPS® Brand confections, along with a variety of adorable merchandise and tasty treats that are beaming with PEEPSONALITY®. They’re Back! PEEPS® Make a Triumphant Return to Shelves this Easterįollowing a Nine-Month Hiatus, PEEPS® Marshmallow is Back with Sweet New Offerings for Spring!īethlehem, PA. In an isolated environment, your system will stop when the oxygen around your fuel cell is depleted.ĮDIT (): Robert Murphy proposed a similar idea, but with the electrolyzer deep underwater and the fuel cell at sea level.There is not, as it happens, a big global market for fjord-cooled vegetable storage. The energy loss corresponds to the work it would take to bring oxygenĪll the way up to your fuel cell (as you mentioned, oxygen is denser than air). The system is losing energy over time, and decreasing its total entropy. You are generating oxygen at altitude zero while consuming oxygen at 173 km altitude. Your machine wouldn’t be perpentual for the following reason: If you’ve made it this far and have the solution, email me and I’ll post the best answers in a new post.ĮDIT (): Leonard Bezinge replied with the following message: Why isn’t there a height where the gravitational potential energy of the waterĬould, in theory, exceed the losses from the electrochemical system? Why does this proposal violate thermodynamics? Long story short, chemistry $ \gg $ gravity.Īll that said, however, none of this answers the key question: Height requirement of water to break even = (energy required by turbine to break even) / (effective force provided by water) = $ 24 $ kJ / ($ 0.177 $ N ) = $ \textbf $ kmĮven with extremely generous assumptions, a truly ridiculous height is required to “break even”.Īnd well into outer space as defined by the Kármán line. Effective force provided by water = (turbine efficiency) * (mass of water) * (acceleration due to gravity) = $ 0.95 $ * $ 1 $ mol * $ 18 $ g/mol * $ 9.81 $ m/s$^2$ = $ 0.177 $ kg m / s$^2$ = $ 0.177 $ N.Energy required by turbine to break even = (Electrolysis energy required) - (fuel cell energy generated) = $ 249 $ kJ - $ 225 $ kJ = $ 24 $ kJ.Let’s very generously assume the electrolyzer, fuel cell, and turbineĪll have 95% energy efficiency (here let’s define turbine efficiencyĪs the ratio of electrical energy generated from gravitational potential energy). Water electrolysis requires 237 kJ/mol of electrical energy at a minimum,Īnd fuel cells produce 237 kJ/mol of electrical energy at a maximum. To get a sense for the absurdity of this idea in practice: Perhaps its biggest practical flaw is that the height of the “mountain” is truly massive. To be clear, this proposal has all sorts of practical problems-low electrolysis efficiencies, terminal velocity of water, etc. In effect, we are exploiting the phase behavior of the hydrogen and the water. This energy could compensate for the inefficiencies of the electrolyzer/fuel cell combo-and generate some extra on the side. So, if you were to place a turbine at the outlet of the water pipe, However, this setup has one key advantage: the water generated by the fuel cell at the top of the mountain can do work when it falls back to the electrolyzer on the ground. Of course, splitting and regenerating water is a useless exercise since each of these steps is inefficient you can never generate more energy from the fuel cell than what you put into the electrolyzer. The hydrogen and oxygen then combine in the fuel cell to create water,Īnd the electrical energy is fed back to the electrolyzer to split more water. You collect oxygen from the atmosphere at the top of the mountain. While the oxygen is denser than air, the hydrogen is not and thus rises to the fuel cell.įortunately oxygen is abundant in the atmosphere with the right oxygen membrane, You provide the electrolyzer with a spark, creating hydrogen and oxygen. On the ground, you have a tank of water connected to the inlet of the electrolyzer. Imagine you placed an electrolyzer on the ground, placed a fuel cell on top of a mountain,Īnd connected the inputs and outputs via tubes. The question is: why does this proposal violate thermodynamics? However, I have had an idea for a perpetual motion machine for a long time Perpetual motion machines are a thermodynamic impossibility. |
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